Honey Boo Boo The Dark Side of Reality TV - 947 Words

American actress, Lisa Bonet, once said, â€Å"What saddens me is the corruption of youth and beauty, and the loss of soul, which is only replaced by money.† Today’s television shows are decaying into more polluted and inappropriate ideas, which are then presented worldwide. This is a negative influence on not only young people, but also society as a whole. How can it be expected of youth today to be appropriate role models to future generations with such corrupt influences? With the filth, dishonesty, and abuse of freedom of speech, reality television ultimately does more harm on today’s society than good. â€Å"’Jersey Shore’ Season 5 averaged 5.8 million viewers, including one million ages 12-17† (McKay). These one million teenagers who are†¦show more content†¦Expressing one’s self does not revolve around altering the truth or implementing obscenity and violence such as the ideas displayed in most reality shows today. In C ommon Sense Media, it is said about the reality television show, â€Å"Jersey Shore†, â€Å"The cast members choose to ‘celebrate’ their ethnicity by engaging in extremely inappropriate behavior – from swearing like sailors (the strongest words are bleeped) to engaging in bar brawls and other physical altercations† (Camacho). Another opposing argument that has been presented is that we live in an age of mass culture. Reality television is a fair reflection of tabloids. The reason that the tabloids are so negative and immoral, though, is because of the influences that things such as reality television expose society to. If it were not from all of the inappropriate behavior displayed in television shoes, people would be less likely to act in such a manner to model these reality television shows after. Just because someone’s lifestyle is interesting and immoral, does not make it acceptable to glorify these behaviors on public television. For ins tance, in the television show, â€Å"Here Comes Honey Boo Boo,† producers are glorifying a family with the lack of manners, disrespect for adults, and consistently practicing unhealthy habits. â€Å"’This is just her after going to school this morning, so you know she ain’t had no Go-GoShow MoreRelatedInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words   |  185 PagesT LITTLE BOO K HE THAT BUILDS WEALTH The Knockout Formula for Finding Great Investments PAT DORSEY FOREWORD BY JOE MANSUETO FOUNDER, CHAIRMAN, AND CEO OF MORNINGSTAR, INC. John Wiley Sons, Inc. ffirs.indd v 2/1/08 12:55:38 PM ffirs.indd iv 2/1/08 12:55:38 PM T K H LITTLE BOO E THAT BUILDS WEALTH ffirs.indd i 2/1/08 12:55:36 PM Little Book Big Profits Series In the Little Book Big Profits series, the brightest icons in the financial Read MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 PagesI AM ZLATAN By Zlatan Ibrahimovic as told to David Lagercrantz --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This book is dedicated to my family and friends, to those who have stood by my side, on good days and bad. I also want to dedicate it to all the kids out there, those who feel different and don t fit in. Those who are seen for the wrong reasons. It s OK to be different. Continue being yourself. It worked out for me. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Should Animal Testing Be Ethical - 1328 Words

Animal testing has been an important type of research in various science fields for many years, because it has been able to replicate the results of the research to positively affect humans. It has provided many cures to diseases and many basic products that are mass produced such as lotion, shampoo, sunscreen, etc. Adding on, animal testing is ethical since it follows many guidelines and restrictions made by numerous laws that protect animals from inhumane treatment. Although such testing can provide many people with benefits and may be ethical, many animals are still subjected to torture or even die due to animal testing since many researchers find ways to bypass the system of laws. Millions of animals are used for animal testing every year and are given extreme treatments that humans would never go through, and animals go through such torture so people are able to benefit from their pain. Therefore, animal testing has been a subject of mass debate. Is animal testing really necessa ry for further research and is it ethical? This is an important question people are still trying find the answer to by supporting one side. Whatever position a person is on this issue, he or she is choosing between the advancement of science or for the rights of animals. People who are against animal testing explain that animals have rights and receive unnecessary pain or even die from animal experiments, which can even result in a waste of large sums of money. According to Charles Reiss andShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation And Animal Testing1261 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst animal experimentation. The report begins with an introduction briefly outlining what animal experimentation refers to, introducing the three perspectives and highlighting the intention behind this investigation. The report then explores the positive and negative medical aspect of animal experimentation stating that it has resulted in vital vaccines benefitting both humans and animals, but also accepting it is not always reliable. The advantages and disadvantages of animal testing on consumerRead MoreTok Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Possession Of Knowledge Carries An Ethical Responsibility.† Evaluate This Claim. –Seo Yeon Choi- Theory of Knowledge Essay Topic: â€Å"The Possession of Knowledge Carries an Ethical Responsibility† Evaluate The Claim. School: Auckland International College School Number: 001495 Candidate Name: Seo Yeon Choi Candidate Number: 001495-010 Session: May 2013 Teacher: Beate Wiebel Word Count: 1480 â€Å"The Possession Of Knowledge Carries An Ethical Responsibility.† Evaluate This Claim. –Seo YeonRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some animals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned848 Words   |  4 Pages As a society we have failed to notice, it’s everywhere. The animal testing footprint. 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Jeremy Rifkin, author of twenty books on the impact of scientific and technological changes on the societyRead MoreEthics of Animal Testing754 Words   |  3 PagesEthics of Animal Testing For my paper I chose the topic of animal testing because I have always been very passionate for animals and against animal abuse. I have never believed in animal testing and that there were always other alternatives. I wanted to look further into and educate myself about what is being done about this and why it is an ethical issue. I have come up with an axiom to summarize this topic. Testing animals in research revolves around the relative or moral value of humans and animalsRead MoreNew Generations and Ethical Judgements1037 Words   |  4 Pageshinder the production of knowledge. This phenomena is evident throughout various fields of study and it is well known that these limitations infringe upon the production of knowledge in both the arts and natural sciences. I intend to discuss how ethical judgements have imposed limitations on the methods available to society in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. Ethics can be seen as a set of moral values that lay the foundation for a person and help them to ultimatelyRead MoreEssay about We Need More Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation1416 Words   |  6 PagesWe Need More Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation    A life can be taken or created in a matter of seconds and with that has come the miracles of modern medicine. People have come to expect science to save lives, prevent illness, relieve suffering and improve the quality of life. The means of curing, treating and preventing diseases are not achieved by magic or accident. Medical advances are gained through years of intensive research -- research in which laboratory animals have playedRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned From Our Society874 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Rights Demand Protection My thesis is that animal testing should be banned from our society altogether. Animal rights advocates argue that testing is a subject that has been argued countless amount of times in medical journals, and it has shown that it is a waste of animal lives. Subsequently, processing of a single drug requires more than 50 trials and use of as many as 12,000 animals. Moreover, regardless of the ethical issues that derive from animal testing, the infliction of physical/psychologicalRead MoreWhy Should Animals Be Used For Medical Research?1520 Words   |  7 Pages Why should animals be used for medical research? Is it because some animals are similar to humans probably. Even though animals have rights they should still be used for experiments because if scientist experiment on humans and something go wrong they could kill that human being. That is why animals should be used for medical research because they have different blood type and cells from us. Something that can easily kill us might not kill an animal, so with that they can find a way to cure the

Transformation in Transmission of Culture †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Transformation in Transmission of Culture. Answer: Introduction The report presents a brief overview of the marketing strategies and plans of the firm. Rio Tinto Company has been selected for the report. It explains that how the company is making marketing strategies and policies to gain the goals and objectives of the company. It also describes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the company to analyze and evaluate the strategies and plans of the competitors. It describes the mission, vision, core values and competencies of the company. It explains the current marketing plan of the company. The company decides to launch a new service, site operation and closure in the market to attract more customers in the market. Rio Tinto is an Australian British multinational corporation which was founded in 1873. It is one of the biggest companies in metal and mining industry. Mainly, it focuses on the minerals and it is a dual listed company. Its head office is located in London. The firm produces iron, alumina, diamonds, coal, uranium, and bauxite. There are approx 50,000 employees are employed in the company. Currently, the company is expanding its business activities and operations across the world. Rio Tinto is a global player is mining and metals industry. The company is increasing its profits and revenue day by day (Castillo, Jess, de la Campa, Gonzlez-Castanedo, Fernndez-Caliani, Gonzalez Romero, 2013). Now the company is planning to start site operations and closure service from SGS. The company does not provide such kind of services to its customers. This new service will help to operate the business activities economically and efficiently and it will also fulfill the regulatory requirements of the company. The site operation and closure plan are very effective to demonstrate the environmental and social responsibility. This service will help to analyze and evaluate the on-site testing. It will also help in technical audit and investigation. The company should also provide the full set of innovative services to prepare the plant closure such as geotechnical studies, sustainable process design, and acid rock drainage estimating testing. The site operation and closure service can be a great opportunity for the company to increase the revenue and profit of Rio Tinto Company. It will help to reduce the waste impact on the various mining and metals site. Through the implementing of new service in the company, the firm can overcome on the competitors in the market. The BHP Billiton, Vale S/A, and Anglo American plc. are the main competitors of the company. Through this service, the company can gain various advantages in the market. It will help to reduce the emissions and water wastage in the market. Thus, it will provide satisfaction to those customers who are using the mining and metals products. It is the effective marketing plan to increase the long-term profit of the company (Castillo, Jess, de la Campa, Gonzlez-Castanedo, Fernndez-Caliani, Gonzalez Romero, 2013). Mission, vision and core competencies of the company The company is dealing in minerals and mining products in order to meet the long-term goals and objectives. The firm is making unique and effective strategies to gain the competitive advantages in the market. The association is reducing the harmful environmental impact and it is contributing to the group strategy on emissions and energy management. The company is trying to maintain a proactive culture in the association. The company wants to provide a forceful career path which allows the various people to expand their experiences in various commercial areas across the world (Floris, Grant Cutcher, 2013). The firm is playing a significant role in improving the customers position. The company wants to provide competitive advantages and strategic value through the innovative supply chain, reliable, and persistent focus on reducing TCO. Accountability, teamwork, respect, and integrity are the core values and competencies of the company. The company wants to be the universal mining lead er with maintaining strong leadership, innovation, and sustainable development. The mission of the company is to create the reliable policies and principles for all the groups according to with the company criteria on environment, society, and people for ensuring the sustainable development. Further, the main objective of the company is to maximize the shareholder return by sustainable development, mining and dispensation of natural resources. At Rio Tinto, the respect, integrity, accountability, and teamwork are highly valued and appreciated. The employees feel happy while working in the company. There is no discrimination on the basis of age, gender, social origin, religion, and politics. The employees work in the healthy and safe environment. The company conducts training and development programs to develop and build the employees skills, competencies, potentials within the group. Further, the company strategy focuses on the four Ps such as people, portfolio, partners, and perfor mance. To achieve the long-term goals and objectives, the company continuously focuses on the cost reduction, productivity, and capital discipline. Now it can be said that the Rio Tinto iron ore is in an effective great position to take the advantages of all opportunities and threats (Kunz Moran, 2014). Situational analysis and marketing strategy Through SWOT analysis identifies and evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the company. The situational analysis of the company can be understood by the SWOT analysis which is discussed below (Brueckner, Durey, Mayes Pforr, 2013). Strengths It is a well-known brand in Australia since 1873. Further, the company manufactures and produces the first class products. It is famous among people across the world and it is serving its products worldwide market (Koh, 2015). It is fourth biggest Mining Corporation in the world. The company deals in a variety of products such as diamonds, aluminum, copper, coal, uranium, gold, iron ore and materials which are used in the industry. The company has accepted the satisfy stakeholders and government through effective sustainable development and management. Competitive edge due to effective and innovative technology (Raufflet, Cruz Bres, 2014). Weaknesses The company is not able to face the risk in the country. Dependability on China generates vulnerability and exposures decline the prices of the commodity. The firm is struggling to attract the minority group employees and it is affected by the carbon tax also. The company is highly dependent on the current Australia metals and mines which are reducing the quality of products (Orgel, Kereszturi, Vczi, Groemer Sattler, 2014). Opportunities Expansion and growth of new mines and metals in India and Africa. It is increasing the demand for iron ore in India. It is maintaining corporation and collaboration with government to provide more effective licensing opportunities. The firm is replacing employees with automated machinery. The firm must invest in weak and poor segments (Vintr, Sanmiquel Freijo, 2014). Threats The prices of iron ore and copper are reducing. The economy downfall is affecting the overall financial performance of the company and employees as well. Natural disaster and environmental concerns. The financial crises exist in the European countries. Now it is assumed that entire strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats affect the business activities and operation of the company. Thus, the company should analyze and evaluates entire risk and barriers which are existed in the market (De Waal, Orij, Rosman Zevenbergen, 2014). Marketing mix strategy The marketing mix strategy of Rio Tinto is very effective and excellent. The marketing mix strategy covers the 4 Ps (product, price, place, and promotion). They have been discussed below. Product: The Rio Tinto is a top leader in the major products. The major commodities include coal, oil gas, iron ore, and copper. The oil gas segment is the primary and main segment of the corporation. It is the world biggest leader in this segment. The supply of the commodity depends on the demography. The Rio Tinto plays a vital role to provide the supply of commodities to the entire world (Kruesman, 2013). If the company wants to introduce new product and service in the market, then it can use marketing mix strategy to gain the long-term profits and revenue. Price: The prices of products play a significant role in Rio Tinto Company. The prices of the products are based on the global market. These prices are changeable according to the market values. Thus, the pricing strategy of Rio Tinto Company is dependent on the external factors. The prices each and every product is changeable on the basis of time. The prices of the commodity are also dependent on the taxes that are levied by the government. Through pricing strategy, the company is able to provide various mines and metal products across the world (Ghalib Agupusi, 2014). Place: The places where these products are traded and these commodities are not based on a region. The products of the company are traded across the world. The raw material and other commodities are found across the world. The Rio Tinto is the biggest resource company. It is the biggest player in the field of raw material supplies (Kulkarni Rao, 2014). Promotion: The promotion strategy is an effective and strong strategy in order to meet the long-term goals and objectives of the firm. The company makes sure that the promotional strategy of the firm should be effective and unique. The firm is investing a huge amount to promote the products and commodities of the company. There are various sources of promotions such as radio, newspaper, and television. The company maintains highest CSR policies across the world. Through promotion strategy, the company is able to provide entire information about the products. Further, the company is also using unique advertisement strategy to attract more customers in the market (Castillo, Jess, de la Campa, Gonzlez-Castanedo, Fernndez-Caliani, Gonzalez Romero, 2013). Now it is assumed that Rio Tinto is using the effective marketing and situational strategies to gain the competitive advantages in the market. Evaluation and interpretation of current marketing plan Evaluation and interpretation are necessary to introduce the new service such as site operation and closure in the market. The result will be achieved through evaluation and interpretation of current marketing plan. The current marketing plan is to develop and implement the site operation and closure service in the Rio Tinto company. Further, interpretation of the existing marketing plan is used to promote and enhance the site operation and closure service in the target market. After various researches, it has been analyzed that this marketing plan will be the most appropriate and effective plan in order to meet the goals and objectives of the firm. The evaluation and interpretation are the part of the new marketing plan of the company. The current marketing plan of the company is unique and excellent and its depends upon the four Ps (portfolio, performance, people, and partners). The four Ps of the Rio Tinto has been discussed below. Portfolio: Portfolio plays a vital role in the marketing plan of the company. The portfolio is the world-class assets of the firm. The company uses the strategic framework to evaluate the new opportunities and existing assets (Pesmatzoglou, Nikolaou, Evangelinos Allan, 2014). Performance: The firm is using the innovative and effective technologies in order to meet the goals and objectives of the firm. Thus, the employees performance and capabilities play a vital role in the company. Through the effective performance, the company can manage the risk and capture the whole market across the world. The company focuses on the performance and efficiency of the employees. People: Human progress is the core value of the company. Through this strategy, the firm is able to attract, build, develop and retain the best employees in the market. The company is establishing the dedicated centers for the employees to identify and evaluate the commercial and technical capabilities (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). Partners: The partners play a vital role to manage the unique risk and secure the new sources in the market. The stakeholders of the company are known as the partners of the company. The stakeholders include the customers, investors, suppliers, government and local communities. After various researches, it can be evaluated and analyzed that Rio Tinto is using effective marketing strategy in order to gain sustainability in the market. Recently, the company has launched its diamond marketing program in China. It is the latest strategy of the company. This strategy is set to gain the various advantages of diamond for diamond trade and business. Rio Tinto has launched this China strategy in 2010. Through this strategy, Rio Tinto has become one of the biggest diamond producers in the world. Mainly, the company focuses on the marketing mix strategy to beat the competitors (Pesmatzoglou, Nikolaou, Evangelinos Allan, 2014). Through this strategy, the company can know and measure the plan, policies, and strategies of the competitors. It is the important source for the company to gain the success and growth in the market. Although the company is achieving the goals and objectives still some improvement is needed in the company. Rio Tinto needs to implement a busines s strategy that is beneficial and useful for its business activities to ensure the entire growth and success of the company. The company is achieving its objectives and goals by executing the new and effective strategies. The company must control on the various threats and obstacles in the market. It should look after the various strategies and plans of the competitors in the market. The firm must focus on the external and internal environmental factors which influenced the growth and success of the firm (Kulkarni Rao, 2014). After the starting of the new service, Rio Tinto needs to control and measure this service in order to review and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the marketing plan. The actual result and standard output are compared after introducing the site operation and closure service in the market. Further, the company will use various promotional and advertisement strategy to encourage and enhance the use of new service in the market. Conclusion The report is based on the marketing strategy and policies in order to gain the long-term goals and objectives. It explains the marketing strategies and policies of the Rio Tinto company. It is the mining and metal company which deals in various kinds of products such as iron ore, mining, metals, uranium, and coal. It is one of the biggest leaders in coal and mining industry. It explains the benefits of the new technology and service within the organization. Now it is concluded that the company is using the exclusive marketing strategies and policies to gain the competitors benefits in the market. Further, the company must focus on the working environment and safety of the employees to gain long-term success and growth in near future. It should provide satisfaction to its customers to increase the revenue and profits of the company. References Brueckner, M., Durey, A., Mayes, R., Pforr, C. (2013). The mining boom and Western Australias changing landscape: Towards sustainability or business as usual?.Rural Society,22(2), 111-124. Castillo, S., Jess, D., de la Campa, A. M. S., Gonzlez-Castanedo, Y., Fernndez-Caliani, J. C., Gonzalez, I., Romero, A. (2013). Contribution of mine wastes to atmospheric metal deposition in the surrounding area of an abandoned heavily polluted mining district (Rio Tinto mines, Spain).Science of the Total Environment,449, 363-372. De Waal, A., Orij, R., Rosman, J., Zevenbergen, M. (2014). Applicability of the high-performance organization framework in the diamond industry value chain.Journal of Strategy and Management,7(1), 30-48. Floris, M., Grant, D., Cutcher, L. (2013). Mining the discourse: Strategizing during BHP Billiton's attempted acquisition of Rio Tinto.Journal of Management Studies,50(7), 1185-1215. Ghalib, A. K., Agupusi, P. (2014). Business strategy and corporate responsibility: perception and practice in the oil industry and the role of non-governmental organisations.Journal of Business Economics and Management,15(5), 951-963. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., Boersma, M. (2014). The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), 145-165. Koh, K. N. (2015). Translating Sustainabilityin Hawai'i: The Utility of Semiotic Transformation in the Transmission of Culture.The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology,16(1), 55-73. Kruesman, M. (2013).Digging for compliments: Rio Tinto Group, corporate social responsibility and the diffusion of international norms(Doctoral dissertation, The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)). Kulkarni, S., Rao, P. (2014). Comparative analysis of corporate social responsibility practices across Africa and IndiaAn Automobile Industry Perspective.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,157, 244-253. Kunz, N. C., Moran, C. J. (2014). Sharing the benefits from water as a new approach to regional water targets for mining companies.Journal of cleaner production,84, 469-474. Orgel, C., Kereszturi, ., Vczi, T., Groemer, G., Sattler, B. (2014). Scientific results and lessons learned from an integrated crewed Mars exploration simulation at the Rio Tinto Mars analogue site.Acta Astronautica,94(2), 736-748. Pesmatzoglou, D., Nikolaou, I. E., Evangelinos, K. I., Allan, S. (2014). Extractive multinationals and corporate social responsibility: a commitment towards achieving the goals of sustainable development or only a management strategy?.Journal of International Development,26(2), 187-206. Raufflet, E., Cruz, L. B., Bres, L. (2014). An assessment of corporate social responsibility practices in the mining and oil and gas industries.Journal of Cleaner production,84, 256-270. Vintr, C., Sanmiquel, L., Freijo, M. (2014). Environmental sustainability in the mining sector: evidence from Catalan companies.Journal of cleaner production,84, 155-163.

The Roma Problems and the Causes of Racism

The Roma’s origins were for a long time both a mystery and an excuse for their marginalization and mistreatment. Today they are generally accepted to have originated in the Indian subcontinent, based on linguistic and genetic evidence 1. The resulting history of their contact with Europeans is almost uniformly negative.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Roma Problems and the Causes of Racism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In most communities today, the Roma survive in a persistent condition of poverty that resists many of the usual strategies for addressing social ills. This, at least to some degree, arises from the complex, confused, and often conflicting ways they are regarded and regard themselves. They have never been seen as full-fledged members of the communities in which they reside, despite having, in some cases, lived there for centuries. They have in many cases not regarded themselve s as members of the communities where they reside, retaining their Roma identity as their primary identity2. Of these, none necessarily are congruent with the self-definition of identity of the Roma’s neighbors, who consider themselves â€Å"native† to a region or nation. The view that the â€Å"self-identified† natives hold of the Roma has been consistently pejorative over the millennium during which they have been in contact with Europeans. It is not difficult to understand why. Differences in language, religious traditions, skin color, and customs, and a nomadic way of life all contributed to the Roma’s appearance of ‘otherness’. Added to these disturbing features has been the threatening nature of the internal â€Å"code† attributed to the Roma.3 Is it any wonder that the insular, superstitious, monolithically Catholic or Orthodox communities of Europe and Eastern Europe, eager to recapture the civil order and peace of the golden a ge of the Roman Empire 4 have unfortunately regarded the â€Å"the Roma as a kind of natural disaster from which they must protect themselves†? Their response was to exclude, marginalize, isolate, exploit, or attempt to annihilate the Roma. There seems to have been a brief remission in practical economic discrimination during the Soviet’s state-controlled universal employment. When this ended, the Roma were first fired, and ancient bigotries re-emerged. Today, measures from a de facto withholding of medical treatment from anyone without proper papers , to a literal wall, attempt to keep the Roma separate from non-Roma. While the non-Roma often can point to specific behaviors or characteristics that they attribute to the Roma which would make them undesirable neighbors, the response of the non-Roma is so powerful and pervasive that another set of reasons needs to be invoked to explain it.Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This may be the human aversion to the ‘Other’. In many human societies, there is a duality: us versus them, family versus non-family, people one marries versus people one fights with, tribe versus enemy, native versus foreign-born, and many other possible alternatives. In Bauman’s formulation, the â€Å"Other’ in the modern state is anyone that is ambiguous, or self-defining, or resisting the definition imposed by the state, and who fits in neither the category of friend or of foe . Such individuals or groups occupy a mental space that makes people feel uncomfortable, queasy, and uncertain. They are neither one thing nor another, and resist categorization, therefore they defy expectations. The Roma are a quintessentially self-defining group, who in many respects fulfill this formulation of the ‘Other’. Consider: They come from elsewhere, but have done so, in many cases, so long ago th at the arrival is a forgotten event, and yet they remain visibly ‘not from here’. They have resisted the usual routes of assimilation into a host population. For example, they have intermarried to some extent, but only with great resistance and disapproval by their own community. They have in some cases elected not to remain in one place, even when this was legal, and on the other hand, they have settled in places where they have no rights of tenure. All these characteristics, and more, are in conflict with the modern state, according to Bauman. The state in modern times can be construed to be organized specifically to â€Å"eliminate ambivalence† . The Roma are the ultimate ambivalent group: to move or stay, to work or to receive the dole, for example. Thus, both individuals and communities, as well as the government, have bases for ambiguous attitudes towards the Roma, as the ‘Other’. Then, there is the mythology of the Roma as criminal. 19th centu ry pseudo-science, such as phrenology, suggested that they were inevitably and uniformly liable to engage in criminal behavior. On the other hand as Goodwin notes, the experience of the criminal justice system itself can cause people to become criminal in their behavior . It is also possible that attitudes towards the Roma become self-fulfilling. Because the Roma lack an effective transnational cultural identity that can rally them to advocate for themselves, they face particular challenges. The issue of space and location is particularly important for them. Unlike more recent refugee populations, they have nowhere to return to, not even symbolically, and no welcoming organizations to care for them in Europe.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Roma Problems and the Causes of Racism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They have chosen and/or been forced to occupy spaces historically external to communities , but which acquire visibility and value over time, causing conflict over use and control. Because they have been labeled as transient (even after centuries of residence), ownership of their homes has been unresolved, leading to every sort of problem of infrastructure, transfer of deed, risk of eviction, and other such issues. Roma families often appear to be excluding themselves from what would seem to be helpful resources such as, to take just one example, school. This may reflect complex concerns, for example, that schools impose local, non-Roma norms on their kids, and risk deracinating the Roma tradition5. This has a knock-on effect on employment readiness, and reinforces local reluctance to hire Roma. Whenever Roma activities intersect with non-Romas’ lives, the response is to exclude; socially, legally, physically. The celebration of diversity by European communities seems honored only by exception and in isolation rather than reflexively or consistently throughout soc iety. These case studies highlight the complexity of addressing Roma problems and the causes, which lie in racism and ethnic bigotry, as well as insularity. â€Å"No 6 Segregation of Romani Communities† addresses land tenure issues, and a wall built to keep Roma out. â€Å"Urban Planning and the Delimitation of Diversity† describes an attempt to incorporate the differences of the Roma into a positive image of a diverse neighborhood. â€Å"Locating ‘The Gypsy Problem’† discusses the problems with political voice that the Roma camps create for the Roma themselves. Works Cited Bauman, Zygmunt. â€Å"Modernity and Ambivalence.† Theory Culture Society 7.143 (1990 ). Web. http://tcs.sagepub.com/content/7/2/143. Bilefsky, Dan. â€Å"Walls, Real and Imagined, Surround the Roma.† New York Times (April). Web. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/03/world/europe/03roma.html?_r=1. Drangsland, Kari Anne Klovholt and Hà ¥vard Haarstad. â€Å"Urban Pla nning and the Delimitation: Roma as ‘In Place’ and ‘Out of Place’ in Jungbusch, Mannheim.† International Planning Studies, 14.2 (2009): 14:2, 125-140. Web. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563470903021159.Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More European Roma Rights Centre. â€Å"Standards Do Not Apply: Report of the European Roma Rights Centre: Inadequate Housing in Romani Communities.† December 2012. ERRC. Web. Goodwin, George. Criminal man. New York: G. Brazille, 1957. Web. Gresham, David, et al. â€Å"Origins and Divergence of the Roma (Gypsies).† American Journal Human Genetics 2001: 1314–1331. Web. http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v69_p1314-1331.pdf. Heinschink, Mozes F. and Michael Teichmann. â€Å"Taboo and shame (ladÃ… ¾) in Roma communities.† 2012. ROMBASE. Web. http://ling.uni-graz.at/~rombase/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data/ethn/belief/ladz.en.xml. Kemà ©ny, Istvà ¡n and Bà ©la Janky. â€Å"HISTORY OF ROMA IN HUNGARY.† Social Science Monographs. Ed. Istvà ¡n Kemà ©ny. Boulder: Columbia University Press, 2012. Web. http://www.mtaki.hu/docs/kemeny_istvan_ed_roma_of_hungary/istvan_kemeny_history_of_roma_in_hungary.pdf. Mondavi Center. â€Å"Gypsy Spirit: Journey of the Roma.† 2004. UC Davis. Web. http://mondavi.ucdavis.edu/education/education_pdfs/gypsyspirit_cuesheet.pdf. Oprea, Alexandra. Child Marriage a Cultural Problem, Educational Access a Race Issue? Deconstructing Uni-Dimensional Understanding of Romani Oppression. 2005. Web. http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=2295archiv=1. Sigona, Nando. â€Å"Locating ‘The Gypsy Problem’. The Roma in Italy: Stereotyping, Labelling and ‘Nomad Camps’.† Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31.4 (2005): 741-756. Web. http://www.euc.illinois.edu/eucdw2011/documents/Sigona2005LocatingtheGypsyProblem-TheRomainItaly.pdf. Sikovska, Ljatifa. Breaking the chains of poverty for Roma: Sikovska, Ljatifa – Advocate for Roma rights ECCARO. 2012. Web. http://eeca.unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/pid/10124;jsessionid=93CFFC71EC526C5CBD27C50467614AB1.jahia01.. Footnotes 1 They began appearing in the Byzantine Empire from the Indian subcontinent in the 1200s, presumab ly having moved to avoid the incursions of Islam. Some, at least, were from groups that were nomadic rather than settled agriculturalists . The movement of Roma from the Balkans into Western Europe was likely accomplished by the 1500s, but their movements were in some areas limited by their enslavement by local feudal landowners. After the practice of enslavement of the Roma was outlawed in Romania at the end of the 19th century, migrations occurred again. Roma moved out of Yugoslavia in the 1960s, and again after the fall of the Berlin wall, when, as a final indignity, their citizenship was revoked or explicitly disallowed in some countries, for example, in Macedonia, due to their not having identity cards. 2 This self-defined identity is composed of, potentially, some combination of the following: their professional occupation, possibly also an affiliation related to the caste that their group was traditionally believed to have belonged to back in India, the geographic region from which they traditionally believed themselves to originate, their degree of Romanipen (or adherence to Roma tradition), their religious affiliation, their language(s), and sometimes lastly, the nation or region in which they reside. 3 This is reputed to include the notion that harming another Roma is nearly unforgiveable, but that harming those outside the Roma community is permitted. However, it is possible that the Roma notion of shame (lads), which applied only to relations within the Roma community, may have been misunderstood to suggest that doing wrong to outsiders was permitted . 4 In fact, some groups of Roma who first appeared in Europe presented letters of safe passage purported to be from the Holy Roman Emperor, Christendom’s answer to the glory that was Rome. 5 Some communities deliberately place Roma children in schools or classes for those with disabilities, even when there is no evidence that they have any such disability . This research paper on The Roma Problems and the Causes of Racism was written and submitted by user Dominic Hill to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.